Articles

In-depth analytical articles on Indian IP law including prosecution,enforcement, statutory interpretation and case developments

Copyright and Artificial Intelligence

Copyright and Artificial Intelligence – Who Owns AI-Generated Works?

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Few questions in contemporary intellectual property law have generated as much urgency, as much disagreement and as much genuine legal uncertainty as the question of who if anyone owns the copyright in a work generated by artificial intelligence. The question is not merely academic. Generative AI systems now produce novels, compose music, paint images, write […]

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Deceptive Similarity The Legal Test

Deceptive Similarity The Legal Test Under Indian Trademark Law

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No concept in Indian trademark law is more frequently litigated, more extensively analyzed in judicial decisions or more consequential in its practical application than deceptive similarity. It is the standard by which the Trade Marks Registry determines whether a pending application conflicts with an earlier registration, the criterion by which courts assess whether an allegedly

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Trade Dress and Product Shape

Trade Dress and Product Shape as Trademark in India

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Among the most commercially significant and doctrinally complex questions in contemporary Indian trademark law is the extent to which the visual and physical appearance of a product or its packaging its trade dress can be protected as a trademark. In a marketplace saturated with competing products, the overall commercial appearance of goods has become one

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colour marks sound marks and non traditional trademark patenevo.in

Colour Marks, Sound Marks and Non-Traditional Trademarks in India

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The history of trademark law is, in significant part, a history of expanding frontiers. What began as a system designed to protect word marks and simple devices the merchant’s mark stamped on goods to identify their origin has evolved over centuries into a framework broad enough, in principle, to accommodate almost any sign capable of

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Descriptive Marks and the Acquired Distinctiveness

Descriptive Marks and the Acquired Distinctiveness Doctrine in Indian Trademark Law

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Of all the categories of marks that traverse the trademark registration process in India, descriptive marks present the most nuanced and intellectually demanding set of questions. They occupy the contested middle ground of the distinctiveness spectrum neither inherently protectable like fanciful or arbitrary marks, nor wholly beyond protection like generic terms and their treatment reveals,

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Government Use of Patents - Section 99 to 103

Government Use of Patents – Section 99 to 103 of the Patents Act, 1970

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The relationship between sovereign power and private intellectual property rights has been one of the most contested and consequential questions in the design of patent systems since the earliest days of modern patent law. A patent grants its holder a monopoly a right to exclude all others, including the state, from using the patented invention

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Parallel Imports and Section 107A - The Bolar Exemption and Doctrine of Exhaustion

Parallel Imports and Section 107A – The Bolar Exemption and Doctrine of Exhaustion in Indian Patent Law

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Among the most practically significant yet doctrinally complex provisions of the Patents Act, 1970 is Section 107A, inserted into the Act by the Patents (Amendment) Act, 2002. In the two decades since its insertion, Section 107A has become one of the most contested and commercially consequential provisions in Indian pharmaceutical patent law, engaging questions that

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Working of Patents in India – Section 83, Form 27

Working of Patents in India – Section 83, Form 27 and Consequences

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Few obligations in Indian patent law are as frequently misunderstood, as consistently neglected and as consequential in their implications as the requirement to work a patent in India. The Patents Act, 1970 does not treat the grant of a patent as the end of the patentee’s obligations to the public it treats it as the

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The PCT System and India: International Filing, National Phase Entry and Prosecution Practice

The PCT System and India: International Filing, National Phase Entry and Prosecution Practice

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India’s accession to the Patent Cooperation Treaty on December 7, 1998, fundamentally transformed the landscape for both inbound and outbound patent filings. For Indian applicants seeking protection across multiple jurisdictions, the PCT provides a single-window mechanism of unmatched procedural efficiency. For foreign applicants targeting the Indian marketone of the world’s most consequential pharmaceutical, technology and

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