Pre-grant and post-grant opposition proceedings under the Patents Act, 1970 constitute one of the most distinctive features of the Indian patent system. Unlike several jurisdictions that rely predominantly on post-grant administrative review or judicial revocation, India has preserved a dual opposition framework that enables scrutiny both before and after grant. This structure reflects a deliberate […]
In the architecture of trademark law, not all marks occupy the same position. Most marks perform a single function – they identify the source of goods or services and distinguish one trader’s products from another’s. Well-known trademarks do something more. Through sustained use, investment and public recognition, they transcend their original commercial context and become
In contemporary commerce, a trademark is not confined to its defensive function of preventing misuse. It is an active commercial asset – bought, sold, licensed, pledged, securitized, franchised and monetized across jurisdictions. The true commercial maturity of trademark law lies not merely in its enforcement provisions but in its recognition that goodwill is transferable property.
In the contemporary marketplace, a trademark is no longer a mere badge of origin; it is a repository of goodwill, consumer trust, commercial reputation and competitive identity. As markets globalize and digital platforms compress geographic boundaries, the function of a trademark has evolved from a simple identifier to a strategic business asset. Yet, the true
Passing Off and Infringement under the Trade Marks Act, 1999 Read More »