Indian IP Framework

Zee Telefilms Ltd. & Film and Shot v. Sundial Communications Pvt. Ltd.

Bombay High Court | A.P. Shah & D.K. Deshmukh JJ. | 27 March 2003 2003(27)PTC457(Bom) Background Sundial Communications Pvt. Ltd. (Plaintiff No. 1)- a television production company, conceptualized a show titled Kanhaiyya (later renamed Krish Kanhaiyya) in early 2002. The concept centered on Bal Krishna appearing in child form in a dysfunctional rich family, helping

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The Role of the Trade Marks Registry – Structure, Functions and Jurisdiction

Every trademark right in India passes through a single institutional gateway: the Trade Marks Registry. It is the administrative body that receives applications, conducts examination, publishes marks for opposition, grants registration, maintains the official register, and adjudicates a wide range of inter partes proceedings. Without the Registry, the statutory scheme of trademark protection under the

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Deceptive Similarity and the Consumer Confusion Test in Indian Trademark Law

Few questions in Indian trademark law arise more frequently, or are decided with greater consequence, than whether two competing marks are deceptively similar to each other. The resolution of this question governs whether a trademark application will be accepted or rejected by the Registrar, whether an opposition proceeding will succeed or fail, and whether an

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Patentability of AI and Software Inventions in India

Artificial intelligence and software are transforming every sector of the economy – from drug discovery and autonomous vehicles to financial modeling and legal research. As these technologies generate increasingly sophisticated outputs, the question of whether they can be protected by patents has become one of the most contested and consequential debates in intellectual property law.

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Pre-Grant and Post-Grant Opposition in India

Pre-grant and post-grant opposition proceedings under the Patents Act, 1970 constitute one of the most distinctive features of the Indian patent system. Unlike several jurisdictions that rely predominantly on post-grant administrative review or judicial revocation, India has preserved a dual opposition framework that enables scrutiny both before and after grant. This structure reflects a deliberate

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